Re engineer a garage car services through contemporary technologies Essay

Re engineer a garage car services through contemporary technologies Ismail - Essay Example It has been designed to also act as a guideline to a wide range of business oriented people. The overriding aim of this business plan is to gather information on how to successfully start and manage an auto mobile garage. The description of the business, the marketing strategy, the operation, and the financial requirements are among the things dealt with in this plan. This project shows the most crucial aspects of having a successful business. It shows that ATG is a viable business that has the potential of expanding and performing well in terms of profits. very good- comment addressed AlArif Tech Garage ATG is an automobile garage that aims at giving its customers services through unique technologies that will help customers in many ways. Nowadays, we are using technology everywhere, and for that we need more services through it. ATG aims at delivering car services through its experienced staff and new technology. Also, the company aims at prioritizing the comfort of its customers. For that the organization is willing to deliver the highest standard of vehicle services without requiring the customers to be available at the workshop, they can stay at home or at work and their vehicles are being fixed. The service industry, including vehicle services, is considered to be one of the fastest growing businesses of the economy. ATG aims at capitalizing on the fact that people in the UAE do not have time to take care of their vehicles. This is evident by the statistics which shows that among the top ten causes of accidents in Dubai is negligence and inattention to car maintenance (Emirates 24/7 News, 2013). For that we will offer some fabulous services especially for these kinds of people who don’t have time for their cars. The Mission of ATG company is to become a premier provider of quality services to its customers to make

Possible Effects Of Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Possible Effects Of Global Warming Essay If the global temperature swells by another 7 degrees, then it may result in melting of polar ice which may result in about a 3 to 4 foot increase in sea levels. If such thing happens, then many low lying areas in the world especially Bangladesh, Netherlands, Guam, Indonesia, Maldives and Sri Lanka could be engulfed by sea waters. Increase in global temperature may trigger the spread of dreadful diseases like Malaria, Virus fever, dengue fever and other sub-tropical diseases. Ever increasing temperature may upset weather patterns all over the world , causing starvation due to drought in prime food –producing regions namely South Asia , sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Latin America. Due to unprecedented increase in temperature, the whole gamut of species of animals and plants could be wiped out. 7. MAJOR PLAYERS OF GLOBAL WARMING: U. S. A is not only a foremost economy of the world but also the largest consumer of fossil fuels and naturally, it is the biggest producer of greenhouse gasses, comprising of more than 20% of the world’s carbon dioxide emission which is about 5 billion metric tons. Being the most industrialized economy, U. S. A is heavily depending on coal, oil and natural gas for its energy needs and hence U. S. A government is rather reluctant to initiate any appropriate steps to limit the greenhouse gas emissions and charges that Arrhenius theory is only a myth. U. S. A is averse to initiate any immediate action restraining the use of fossil fuels or to limit such use as they fear it would have long term effect on its economy. According to Global Climate Change Coalition, an industry group which is vehemently opposing prescribing mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions as it would result in the ruining of economy. Further , a study pursued by the coalition group forecasts that if U. S. A pursues some measures on restricting its greenhouse gas emission , then it would result about a 3% decline in U. S gross domestic product by 2010, resulting in a fall of 25% in the growth rate of American’s standard of living. Fig 1: Source: Pew Centre on Global Climate Change, December 2004. 8. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: An international treaty namely ‘The Kyoto Protocol ‘was adopted in Kyoto, in Japan in 1997 mainly to curb the emissions of greenhouse gasses. The Kyoto Protocol has prescribed mandating limits on carbon emissions which took effect in 2005 nearly after eight years of it was introduced. Regrettably, U. S. A, the world’s top carbon emitter has yet to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Some Energy companies and economists have proposed to introduce taxing carbon as an enticement to tempt both the industries and consumers to use low carbon emitting fuels. Gases like Chlorofluorocarbons [CFC] are man made ones and this gas was used as propellants in aerosol containers, as refrigerants and also being used as a solvent in the manufacture of computer chip. It has been discovered that CFC were mutilating the stratospheric ozone layer thereby permitting majority of the sun’s destructive ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth. The World CFC manufacturers have agreed to phase out their production of CFC by signing 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone layer. It is to be observed that the man made gasses like CFC is damaging the Ozone layer only very little and the major culprit is the carbon dioxide. Further felling the trees also contribute the level of CO2 high in the atmosphere as green trees helps to remove the gasses from the atmosphere or to maintain equilibrium. During the May 2005, New Zealand had introduced â€Å"carbon taxes’ mainly to dissuade excessive use of carbon oriented fuels. Thus, New Zealand had imposed about 6% to home electricity consumption and 9% for business energy cost. By 2012, all signatories to Kyoto Protocol should reduce their GHG emissions to less than 5% which is below 1990 levels. Likewise, The European Union had introduced a regional cap –and-trade policy to make it convenient for high emitting EU countries to oblige. 9. ADVANTAGES OF LIMITING THE EMISSION: Some U. S industries, though initially opposed to prescribe caps on emission, later considered that the stricter policy as not only environmentally essential but also potentially advantageous to economy since it will push for the invention of new technologies. Further, Title IV of the 1992 Clean Air Act demanded industries and utilities to minimize their sulfur dioxide emissions which are released by burning coal. Many companies who have exceeded their target sold their excess allowances to some companies that fall short of complying the above provision. Thus, a market in sulfur dioxide allowances materialized. The trading of these excess allowances is being conducted on the Chicago Board of Trading along with the markets for agricultural products and pork belly futures. 10. THE METHODOLOGY OF GREENHOUSE WARMING EARTH’S SURFACE: The greenhouse phenomenon is nothing about carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases discharged into the Earth’s atmosphere will trap solar heat and such trapping will warm the earth’s surface and earth’s lower atmosphere. The greenhouse gas emission effect has been explained in the following diagram: FIG 2: EFFECT OF GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION: Source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 11. CRITICS ARGUMENT AGAINST FINDINGS: Some critics like Sallie Baliunas who is Harvard University’s astrophysics argue that in the past century alone, there was an increase of just 0. 5 degree Celsius and not more than a 10 to 20 % of a degree could have been caused by human-made greenhouse gases. According to Baliunas, the 0. 5 to 1. 5 degree Celsius warming foretold by the computer simulations overstates the greenhouse effect created by the equivalent 50% buildup of carbon dioxide. Some critics argue that IPCC disclosure that there is a perceptible human influence on global climate† tosses the finding itself into air. Some critics vehemently lament that sea-level surge predictions are embellished as the temperature in polar region would still remain below freezing. Some points out those supporters have projected an illusion that global warming would result in the spread of malaria and mosquito oriented diseases. Supporters of global warming have forgotten to take into account the advanced technology available as on date like air-conditioning, mosquito repellents and mosquito coils and modern medicines have completely eradicated Malaria from the soil of U. S. A and substantially in other countries. Likewise, critics assailed a report forecasting that algal blooms amplified by warming waters would cause cholera was disparaged as unfounded one by the evidence. 12. IPCC’s FINDINGS ON GLOBAL WARMING: United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] has made the following revelations about global warming; ? There will be an increase of 15 to 90 centimeters in sea levels or by 6 inches to 3 feet by the year 2100. This mainly due to raising global warming which will melt polar ice sheets and the glaziers and there will be an expansion of water due to its getting warmed. ? Global warming will result in increase of extremely hotter days and there will be shrinking of cold days in general. ? There will be drastic change in weather pattern causing havoc floods like Katrina and some provinces will be engulfed by famine or droughts. ? There will be an intensity of rainfall as scientists would not predict whether severe storms and tropical cyclones would transform the intensity and location. If the sea level increases from half –foot to three feet level , then that would extensively flood the areas like parts of south Florida and southern Louisiana and would create an wide-ranging infrastructure changes in cities like Texas , Dallas , S. C , Charleston and some extent New York City. Further, regional warming trend over the past five decades has made ice shelves along the coast of Antarctica to crumple. Some supporters of the global warming argue that people would be benefit from climate change. According to World Climate Report, warmer climate will pave the way for opening up Siberia and northern Canada suitable for agriculture production, increase the rainfall globally and minimize the perils of winter driving. According to World Climate Report magazine that global warming would usher more advantages and these advantage will overtake its disadvantages. Imagine a warmer climate in poles, Siberia and in Netherlands. It would drastically reduce the energy consumption on heating, reduced clothing expenses, transportation will be less problematic and overall death rates would be at a lower level. Plants absorb the carbon dioxide through their leaves, employ it in the process of photosynthesis and then emit oxygen. Thus, the oxygen released by plant is taken up by the animals for their existence. Thus, carbon dioxide released by animals is returned to atmosphere and once again taken up by the plants as well as by oceans that envelop the Earth’s surface. 13. FUTURE ACTIONS TO BE PURSUED: United States, China and India are the three countries which have to be involved for the long-term reduction and these countries are not part of Kyoto’s Protocol first round. Since United States is not a signatory to the Kyoto’s Protocol, cutting emissions below 1990 level would be impossible to achieve. 14. ALTERNATE ENERGY: Wind energy is being employed in a large capacity in Germany and in a substantial way in countries like India, Denmark U. S, and Spain. As of today, wind energy is growing in a fast space due to technological advancement. It is to be observed that wind energy does not harm the environment and does not generate any greenhouse gases or atmospheric emission. Wind energy is named as renewable energy as it is replenishable and depends upon the sun as it is a form of solar energy. Hence, as long as sun is there, wind energy can be harnessed without any limit. Tidal energy is being harnessed to manufacture electricity also. A tidal power plant is in operation on the Rance River, an estuary of the English Channel in northwestern France since summer 1966. Tidal power plants will be most effective if the difference between high and low tides is enormous, as in Rance estuary, it is estimated that the difference is around 8. 5m or about 28 feet. Nuclear energy is a clean, competent and cost effective energy of the future. Some argue that though the nuclear energy is costly but it can be tolerated as it is a very efficient form of energy. For example, when set of uranium fuel rods is fitted in a nuclear reactor, it needs not to be replaced for many years. Further, uranium is available in plenty and its supplies are assured for many centuries ahead. As compared to fossil fuel based power plants , nuclear power plants does not emit toxic gasses in the atmosphere which ultimately responsible for global warming. It is to be remembered that a nuclear power plant does not pollute either the atmosphere or the water as compared to a coal-fired power plant.

Fuzzy Logic Control Implementation On Pic Microcontroller

Fuzzy Logic Control Implementation On Pic Microcontroller Conventional PID controllers were used as a control strategy for various industrial processes from many years due to their simplicity in operation. They used mathematical models to control the plant for different process control applications. Fuzzy logic based control systems were introduced by Lotfi Zadeh to optimize the process control parameters in better way. In this paper, we have implemented a DC motor control strategy with the help of PID controller.Then we will optimize it with the help of fuzzy logic controller. The fuzzy logic control strategy shows the improvement in various control parameters like maximum overshoot, settling time for the DC motor control as compared with PID control strategy. This shows the superiority of fuzzy logic controller over proportional integral derivative controller. I. INTRODUCTION PID (proportional integral derivative) control is one of the earlier control strategies. Its early implementation was in pneumatic devices, followed by vacuum and solid state analog electronics, before arriving at todays digital implementation of microprocessors. It has a simple control structure which was understood by plant operators and which they found relatively easy to tune. Since many control systems using PID control have proved satisfactory, it still has a wide range of applications in industrial control. PID control has been an active research topic for many years. Since many process plants controlled by PID controllers have similar dynamics it has been found possible to set satisfactory controller parameters from less plant information than a complete mathematical model. Fuzzy logic is a method of rule-based decision making used for expert systems and process control that emulates the rule-of-thumb thought process used by human beings. Due to these properties, fuzzy logic can be used to control a process that a human can control manually with expertise gained from experience. The linguistic control rules that a human expert can describe in an intuitive and general manner can be directly translated to a rule base for a fuzzy logic controller. In this paper DC motor is first tuned using fuzzy logic controller and then we will be using fuzzy logic controller to improve the various process parameters follow. II. PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE CONTROLLER The PID controller is the most common form of feedback. It was an essential element of early governors and it became the standard tool when process control emerged in the 1940s. In process control, more than 95% of the control loops are of PID type, most loops are actually PI control. PID controllers are today found in all areas where control is used. The controllers come in many different forms. There are standalone systems in boxes for one or a few loops, which are manufactured by the hundred thousands yearly. PID control is an important ingredient of a distributed control system. The controllers are also embedded in many special purpose control systems. PID control is often combined with logic, sequential functions, selectors, and simple function blocks to build the complicated automation systems used for energy production, transportation, and manufacturing. Many sophisticated control strategies, such as model predictive control, are also organized hierarchically. PID control is u sed at the lowest level; the multivariable controller gives the setpoints to the controllers at the lower level. It is an important component in every control engineers tool box. PID controllers have survived many changes in technology, from mechanics and pneumatics to microprocessors via electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits. The microprocessor has had a dramatic influence on the PID controller. Practically all PID controllers made today are based on microprocessors. This has given opportunities to provide additional features like automatic tuning, gain scheduling, and continuous adaptation. Controllers are designed to eliminate the need for continuous operator attention. Cruise control in a car and a house thermostat are common examples of how controllers are used to automatically adjust some variable to hold the measurement (or process variable) at the set-point. The set-point is where you would like the measurement to be. Error is defined as the difference between set-point and measurement. error = set-point measurement The variable being adjusted is called the manipulated variable which usually is equal to the output of the controller. The output of PID controllers will change in response to a change in measurement or set-point. Manufacturers of PID controllers use different names to identify the three modes. These equations show the relationships: P (Proportional) = 100/gain I (Integral) = 1/reset (units of time) D (Derivative) = rate = pre-act (units of time) Depending on the manufacturer, integral or reset action is set in either time/repeat or repeat/time. One is just the reciprocal of the other. Note that manufacturers are not consistent and often use reset in units of time/repeat or integral in units of repeats/time. Derivative and rate are the same. Choosing the proper values for P, I, and D is known as PID Tuning. A feedback control system measures the output variable and sends the control signal to the controller. The controller compares the value of the output signal with a reference value and gives the control signal to the final control element. The equation of ideal PID controller is $$ C(s) = K_{p} + frac {K_{i}} {s} + K_{d}s = frac{K_{d}s^2 + K_{p}s + K_{i}} {s} $$ III. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER Fuzzy logic is a method of rule-based decision making used for expert systems and process control that emulates the rule-of-thumb thought process used by human beings. The basis of fuzzy logic is fuzzy set theory which was developed by Lotfi Zadeh in the 1960s. Fuzzy set theory differs from traditional Boolean (or two-valued) set theory in that partial membership in a set is allowed. Traditional Boolean set theory is two-valued in the sense that a member belongs to a set or does not and is represented by 1 or 0, respectively. Fuzzy set theory allows for partial membership, or a degree of membership, which might be any value along the continuum of 0 to 1. A linguistic term can be defined quantitatively by a type of fuzzy set known as a membership function. The membership function specifically defines degrees of membership based on a property such as temperature or pressure. With membership functions defined for controller or expert system inputs and outputs, the formulation of a rule base of IF-THEN type conditional rules is done. Such a rule base and the corresponding membership functions are employed to analyze controller inputs and determine controller outputs by the process of fuzzy logic inference. By defining such a fuzzy controller, process control can be implemented quickly and easily. Many such systems are difficult or impossible to model mathematically, which is required for the design of most traditional control algorithms. In addition, many processes that might or might not be modeled mathematically are too complex or nonlinear to be controlled with traditional strategies. However, if a control strategy can be described qualitatively by an expert, fuzzy logic can be used to define a controller that emulates the heuristic rule-of-thumb strategies of the expert. Therefore, fuzzy logic can be used to control a process that a human can control manually with expertise gained from experience. The linguistic control rules that a human expert can describe in an intuitive and general manner can be directly translated to a rule base for a fuzzy logic controller. IV. PROBLEM FORMULATION A DC motor is taken as a case study and the control is achieved using conventional PID controller and intelligent fuzzy logic based controller. The comparison of both the controller performance is analyzed.After analyzing,implement it on microcontrollers. V. DC MOTOR CONTROL USING FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER In classical control techniques PID controller was used as a standard control structure. Due to nonlinearities in the process the performance of the industrial machinery is greatly distorted and the efficiency is reduced. The new technique which uses fuzzy and PID controllers is considered as the extension of the conventional technique, because it preserves the linear structure of PID controller. These controllers are designed using the basic principle of fuzzy logic control to obtain a new controller that possesses analytical formulas similar to digital PID controllers. Fuzzy PID controllers have variable control gains in their linear structure. These variable gains are nonlinear function of the errors and changing rates of error signals. These variable gains help in improving the overall performance due to their characteristics features like self-tuned mechanism which can adapt to rapid changes of the errors and rate of change of error caused by time delay effects, nonlinearities and uncertainties of the process. VII. CONCLUSION In this paper a DC motor is controlled using fuzzy logic and PID controller. A mathematical model to control the DC motor is developed and the motor is controlled using conventional PID controller. The simulation results so obtained show that the PID controller gives high overshoot and settling time. Hence, fuzzy logic controller design was proposed and implemented using the principles of artificial intelligence. The fuzzy logic control will be implemented and the response will be compared with conventional PID controller. The fuzzy logic control shows a better control of motor parameters as compared with the conventional PID controller VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT It gives us immense pleasure to express our gratitude to each individual associated directly or indirectly with the successful completion of the report. We would like to express our thanks towards our project Guide Prof. Dr. R.B.Ghongade for his invaluable cooperation and guidance that he gave us throughout our project. We would also like to thank our Head of Department, Prof.P.D.Khandekar for inspiring us and providing us all the lab facilities with the internet, which made the project work very convenient. VIII. REFERENCES [1] Erdal Kayacan and Okyay kaynak, An Adaptive Grey Fuzzy PID Controller With Variable Prediction Horizon, SCISISIS2006 @ Tokyo, Japan (September 20-24, 2006); 760-765 [2] B.G. Hu, G.K.I Mann and R.G Gosine, New methodology for analytical and optimal design of fuzzy PID controllers, IEEE Transaction of fuzzy systems, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 521-539, 1999 [3] Awang N.I. Wardana, PID-Fuzzy Controller for Grate Cooler in Cement Plant, IEEE transaction of fuzzy system, no.7, vol. 32, 2005, 1345-1351. [4] Han-Xiong Li,Lei Zhang, Kai-Yuan Cai, And Guanrong Chen, An Improved Robust Fuzzy-PID Controller With Optimal Fuzzy Reasoning, IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics Part B: Cybernetics, Vol. 35, No. 6, December 2005; 1283-1292 [5] Isin Erenoglu, Ibrahim Eksin, Engin Yesil and Mujde Guzelkaya, An intelligent hybrid fuzzy PID controller, in Proceedings of 20th European Conference on Modeling and Simulation, 2006. [6] [6] Leehter Yao and Chin-Chin Lin, Design of Gain Scheduled Fuzzy PID Controller, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 1 2005, 152-156

Guilt In The Scarlet Letter And The Crucible Essay example -- Essay on

The presence of guilt has been felt by all human beings. As guilt grows in a person’s life it eventually begins to have a deteriorating effect on the individual. In both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible more than one of the characters are experiencing some form of guilt and the effects of the public’s opinion on their own personal sins. Each character’s guilt originates from a different personal problem and with each character’s guilt comes a different reaction. Miller and Hawthorne use the source of guilt, the actions resulting from it and the eventual consequences to portray the concept of a guilty conscience to the reader.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each character’s guilt originates from a different source. Through different characters, Hawthorne and Miller display guilt and it’s source to the reader. In both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible the use of relationships between a man and a woman are used as a primary source of guilt. Hawthorne uses Dimmesdale and Hester, and Miller uses Proctor and Elizabeth. The men in both cases are experiencing guilt involving mistakes made sexually. Dimmesdale, who is a highly respected priest has a sinful relationship with a married woman, and Proctor, a married man, falls for a young girl and commits adultery. With Dimmesdale, his guilt stems from the concealment of his sin. He watches Hester as she confesses and for seven years he agonizes over it, while he still remains innocent in the eyes of all. However with Proctor, he confesses to his wife right away. In an argument with his wife he says, â€Å"’ I should have roared you down when you first told me of your suspicion. But I wilted, and like a Christian, I confessed!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(55). The guilt that Proctor feels comes, not from a secret that he is keeping, but from â€Å"’The magistrate that sits in his heart†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(55), as Elizabeth puts it. With the women in these relationships, their guilt has a less drastic origin. Elizabeth knows that she has not committed any sin that can compare to her husband’s, but she admits that â€Å"’it needs a cold wife to prompt lechery†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (137). Even though John has committed the ultimate sin against... ...t that he was experiencing can be seen in two different lights. It eventually brought him to confession in the court, and the tarnishing of his good name. However, his confession was strictly to protect his wife, so his guilt could be seen also as a final reconciliation between Proctor and Elizabeth. Guilt has the capability of doing permanent damage to a person, and in both novels, the authors use guilt as a very negative force in a person’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible, guilt is portrayed in similar ways. Both authors use the concept of guilt to imply the idea that guilt has the capabilities to produce reactions in people that in most situations aren’t the same. The result of a guilty conscience can be used as a positive or negative force in a person’s life and through the characters in both novels, this idea is made apparent. The cause of guilt, the reactions to the guilt, and the consequences resulting from the guilt are all used by Hawthorne and Miller to show the contrasting ways of handling personal guilt in a person’s life.

Caryl Phillips Cambridge

In Caryl Phillips Cambridge, Phillips begins by introducing Emily, a young upper-class white woman, who is sent to the West Indies for three months to inspect her father's sugar plantation. By constructing the novel into several distinctive voices, he exposes to his readers multiple points of view surrounding the novel's fictional world. The first section of the novel is in the form of a journal, narrated by Emily herself, and gives readers a sense of Emily's identity through her depictions of her surroundings. Phillips takes a gendered narrative approach to explore eurocentric influence in the depictions of black womanhood during the African Diaspora and how it has affected the conceptualization of race in the past and present. Emily often finds the need to express her disgust of the appearances of black women. Setting forth towards her father's estate, Emily is accompanied by a white gentleman, a negro driver, and a negro woman. Observing the woman, Emily states, â€Å"Her toothless gums were visible through her thick and open lips, and her church hat failed to mask her sad, unfeminine baldness† (21). Emily justifies her revulsion of the woman's appearance based on her skewed perception of femininity. Because she does not meet eurocentric beauty ideals, her appearance is not seen on her own terms but rather criticized by someone who does not share her culture nor values. Emily uses the terms â€Å"toothless† and â€Å"bald† to highlight the black woman's unappealing features and therefore, she reinforces the idea that Black women are less feminine than other women. Such depictions take an immeasurable toll on Black women, who have to constantly challenge the notion that they are less feminine, that their blackness is something curious, or difficult to handle to white standards. Despite the fact that what is considered to be â€Å"feminine† and â€Å"beautiful† is constantly changing, it does so in a way that continues to revolve around a Eurocentric standards. Emily's faulty depictions preserve the idea that white people are superior in many ways to black people, and therefore, they have the right to assert their dominance over other races. In the past, science was used to justify â€Å"white supremacy,† where attributes of European culture were used to create a rationale for European authority. European slave traders used â€Å"scientific racism† to justify their preconceived notions that Blacks were not people but property, therefore they lacked basic fundamental rights. Upon arriving at the luncheon, Emily sets eyes on Christiana; unhappy with her presence, she orders the â€Å"coal-black, ape-woman† to leave. Emily suggests that Christiana's features and mannerisms are similar to those of an ape and that her race is not only inferior but scientifically less evolved. This passage goes above and beyond; it showcases how whites distanced race from the core values of both feminism and humanism, proving that both were based on the systematic ideology of slaveholders and their allies. Phillips shows readers that the idea that all human beings are born with basic human rights was not prevalent to Blacks during this period. European slave traders used their preconceived notions to justify that Africans served no other purpose but to work as slaves. This was a view of humanity that made life grueling for Black slaves in the Americas. Equating animals to blacks was a malicious and effective instrument of dehumanisation, which historically manifested a powerful weapon that Europeans used to justify the institution of slavery. Black physical features, especially black women's bodies and hair, have been devalued for centuries. The idea that blackness exists outside the realm of beauty was imposed by whites who constructed a hierarchy that privileged those with lighter skin, and straighter hair where Blacks could not meat this ideal of femininity. Emily, stopping to observe the black men and women washing clothes with their bare hands, can't help but comment on the appearance of the women. â€Å"The appearance of the females was truly disgusting to me†¦one woman, her hair matted with filth, and, I imagine, her flesh host to countless forms of infestation, stood in a condition of total nudity in the centre of the stream..† The standards of white beauty created a barrier for Black women to attain it because it did not apply to most Black women thus, American femininity has existed behind the image of a white women. When Emily inadequately associates â€Å"natural hair† with the her own terms, she sets standards for physical characteristics that represent her race, failing to include anyone that doesn't meet her skewed notions what constitutes a feminine woman. As a result, for years, Black women have taken part in many practices that attempt to mask their physical features in accordance with socially accepted conventions influenced by Whiteness. Emily's negative depictions of Black women stems from conditions of her privilege. Through Emily, Phillips shows readers how White's responded to black womanhood in the nineteenth century. What constituted a Black woman was directly related to the control that Whites had over them. Racism was at work, reinforcing the conception of whiteness while at the same time, deconstructing blackness.

College Essay Essay

Why is college important to me? College is important to me for many reasons. One being, my future goals will be unattainable without it. Also, I would be setting a good example for my kids once they reach the age to further their education. Another reason being, I never imagined I would finally make it to college. There are many more reasons as to why, but these are just a few reasons why college is important to me. I believe everyone should fight for their dreams. By setting goals, you have a plan and steps to follow in order to accomplish whatever dream you want. The world today runs on how successful a person is as well as how much money an individual has. I have always wanted to be a criminal psychologist. No matter what, I am going to need a doctorate degree. But, what if people cannot afford that or do not want to complete that much schooling? If you do not have some amount of post secondary schooling, you are not going to be as successful as someone who does have that education. â€Å"Occupations that typically require post secondary education for entry have higher wages. (BLS)† America runs on money. Everything costs a certain amount. Therefore having a post secondary education is what will get you far in life. It will help you gain the success you strive for. With a higher education, you can also live a more comfortable life without having to worry about financial problems, because you have a higher education and therefore more knowledge about a profession. I am constantly striving to do my best so that when I have kids they know what it entails to lead, not only a successful life, but also a comfortable, worry free lifestyle. My parents never went to college. The highest level both my parents had was a high school diploma. I never had an example of someone who went to college or got that kind of education. I was never one of those children who always knew where they were going to college because they were going to follow in their parent’s footsteps. Due to my parents lack of post secondary education, as well as no education on how to handle finances, my parents always had bill collectors calling. We were in extreme debt and my parents never knew what they could afford. Instead they would just spend money like it was growing on trees. I do not want any of this for my children. If I want to be able to spend money like there is no limit, then I know I need an education that can support the financial needs for my family and me. If that means getting a doctorate degree and still furthering my education after that, then that is what I will do. I don’t want my children to have to see me getting calls from bill collectors. It can be very scarring. College will always be recommended for that. It will always be something in the forefront of their minds. College was never something that I ever thought I would accomplish. Due to my parents not going to college, I never thought it was expected of me or it was even that important. Once I got into high school, everyone would talk about what kind of profession they wanted to be in and what college they wanted to go to. Everyone would worry about their grades, sports, and the electives they were a part of. They were all worried about what it would look like to college admissions counselors. I was never like that, until I moved out of my mom’s house. I was placed in a foster home during my junior year in high school. It started out okay. I had two sisters and everyone was nice. But after a while, I just wanted out. My senior year had came and I started applying to the colleges that were farthest away. I wanted to be no where near where I was from. I did not want anyone to come visit me. So, Ohio State became my dream. It was cold, always snowing, so naturally, no one would want to go there. It never happened because of other events that ended up occurring in my life. However, if I had never been placed in a foster home, college would have never been a thought in my mind. In the end, I went to cosmetology school and I am now taking online classes majoring in criminal justice. College is one of the most important things someone can do in life. Today, not many professions are attainable without a college degree or being certified in some kind of industry. Children need to be shown from an early age that college is always going to be an expectation for them so they can live a successful life. I am striving to do what I love to do. I am going for my dream, just like what Steve jobs said: â€Å"You’ve got to find what you love†¦ Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way  to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. (Isaacson, 2011)† My grandfather always told me that if I love what I do, I will always be good at it. I truly believe that! Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2012. Education and Training Outlook for Occupations. http://www. bls. gov/emp/ep_edtrain_outlook. pdf. Isaacson, Walter. 2011. Steve Jobs. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopins The Awakening

The Ideal of Womanhood in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer rights than men. The Women’s Rights Movement began in cities of the northeast in the early to mid-1800’s and soon emerged in cities of the Midwest and western states. It was not until the 1890’s that women in the southern states joined the bandwagon. The Awakening by Kate Chopin, set in the coastal region of Louisiana, was written and published during this time. Industrialization, urbanization and changing social norms in the United States were great influences in the writing and controversial reception of this work. Many reviews focus strongly on the self-gratification aspect of Edna’s actions and condemn it as selfishness. It is my contention that pressures of a changing society, a time when women were struggling for selfhood, a time when some women, like Edna, found themselves totally lost, played a pivotal role in Edna’s decisions and ultimate demise. To establish the basis for my argument it is important to outline the history of society’s attitudes toward women. Throughout early history, wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant contribution to society. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. The myth of the natural inferiority of women greatly influenced their status in society. Early Christian theologians such as St. Jerome in the fourth century and St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century perpetuated this view. Women were considered not only intellectually and physically inferior to men but also a source of temptation and evil (Epstein 21:317). While American culture emphasized individualism, American women were conditioned to accept a passive and submissive role and were taught that God and nature sanctioned it. The characteristics desired in a woman were domesticity, piety, purity, and submissiveness. This ideal, known at... Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopin's The Awakening Free Essays on The Ideal Of Womanhood In Kate Chopin's The Awakening The Ideal of Womanhood in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer rights than men. The Women’s Rights Movement began in cities of the northeast in the early to mid-1800’s and soon emerged in cities of the Midwest and western states. It was not until the 1890’s that women in the southern states joined the bandwagon. The Awakening by Kate Chopin, set in the coastal region of Louisiana, was written and published during this time. Industrialization, urbanization and changing social norms in the United States were great influences in the writing and controversial reception of this work. Many reviews focus strongly on the self-gratification aspect of Edna’s actions and condemn it as selfishness. It is my contention that pressures of a changing society, a time when women were struggling for selfhood, a time when some women, like Edna, found themselves totally lost, played a pivotal role in Edna’s decisions and ultimate demise. To establish the basis for my argument it is important to outline the history of society’s attitudes toward women. Throughout early history, wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant contribution to society. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. The myth of the natural inferiority of women greatly influenced their status in society. Early Christian theologians such as St. Jerome in the fourth century and St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century perpetuated this view. Women were considered not only intellectually and physically inferior to men but also a source of temptation and evil (Epstein 21:317). While American culture emphasized individualism, American women were conditioned to accept a passive and submissive role and were taught that God and nature sanctioned it. The characteristics desired in a woman were domesticity, piety, purity, and submissiveness. This ideal, known at...

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made

How Carbon Fiber Tubes Are Made Carbon fiber tubes are ideal for both the hobbyist and industry professional. Using the rigidity of the carbon fibers, an extremely stiff yet lightweight tubular structure can be used in a wide range of applications. Carbon fiber tubes can replace steel, but more often than not, it is replacing aluminum. In many instances, a carbon fiber tube can weigh 1/3rd of an aluminum tube and still have the same or better strength characteristics. Because of this, carbon fiber reinforced tubes are often found in applications lightweight is crucial, like aerospace, race cars, and recreational sports. The most common carbon fiber tubular profile shapes are squares, rectangles, and circular. The rectangular and square profiles are commonly referred to as a box beam. Carbon fiber box beams provide excellent rigidity to a structure and simulate two parallel I-beams. Carbon Fiber Tube Applications Any application where weight is crucial, switching to carbon fiber will be beneficial. The following are some of the most common uses of carbon fiber tubes: Aerospace beams and sparsFormula 1 structural componentsArrow shaftsBicycle tubesKayak paddles Manufacturing Carbon Fiber Tubes Hollow composite structures can be difficult to manufacture. This is because pressure needs to be applied to both in internal and the external side of the laminate. More often than not, carbon fiber tubes with a continuous profile are manufactured by either pultrusion or filament winding. Pultruded tubes are by far the most cost-effective method of manufacturing continuous composite profiles. When pultruding a hollow tube, a floating mandrel is required. A chromed steel rod is firmly affixed in place on the side of the die where the raw material enters. The mounting hardware is far enough away that does not interfere with the impregnated fiber as it enters the die. The space between the mandrel and the die will determine the wall thickness of the carbon fiber tube. Pultruding carbon fiber tubes allow for the production of tubing of virtually any length. Transportation of the tube is generally the restriction on length. In pultrusion, most of the fiber will run the direction of the tube. This creates a tube with a tremendous about of stiffness, but not much hoop strength, or cross-directional strength. Filament Wound Carbon Fiber Tubes For increased strength and properties in all directions, filament winding is an effective method in manufacturing carbon fiber tubes. Filament wound tubes are cost effective and have excellent properties, however, the largest limitation is based on the length of the winding machine. Other Manufacturing Processes Pultrusion and filament winding, although the most common, is not the only way to manufacture carbon fiber tubes. Bladder molding, compression molding, vacuum infusion, and autoclave processing are all methods to manufacture carbon fiber tubes. Each has its own advantage and disadvantage as well.

A letter from an exchange student in Australia Essay Example for Free

A letter from an exchange student in Australia Essay ? I’ve been in Australia for about 2 months now and I’m still speechless. It’s such a beautiful country! The land, the people, the climate, everything is amazing! I’ve gotten to experience the most remarkable/wonderful things, things I never could have imagined. As you know I went here as an exchange student and I’m living with a wonderful host family in Brisbane. They have been very welcoming and loving, the student exchange agency made such a good match. Brisbane is located in the east of Australia, in the state called Queensland. I’m attending the Brisbane State High School where I’m taking all the mandatory classes like English, math’s, science, social studies, art, health and physical education and so on. I’ve gotten to continue my French education as well, but everyone in that class is way better than me! Luckily they are all so nice and very patient with me, and that goes for all the classes! I had a hard time understanding the Australian accent at first, but it gets easier and easier every day. My host family taught me some Aussie-slang to help me out a bit, like â€Å"hoo roo† which means goodbye, â€Å"ripper† means something like fantastic or great, â€Å"sheila† is a girl and â€Å"dunny† is a toilet. A word that’s very confusing is â€Å"thongs†. It does not mean what you think it means! It’s another word for flip-flops, which can create quite an awkward situation. Fortunately I managed not to humiliate myself! Anyway, like I said are there mandatory classes just like there is in Sweden. Australia has a national curriculum to make sure that they have the same educational standards in schools all over the country, which resembles our â€Å"Skolverket†. You asked a lot about the schools over here in your last letter, so I’ve asked my new friends in my classes and found out some basic info. Like, something that’s similar to Swedish schools is that you’re in kindergarten or pre-school when you’re 3-5 years old. In Australia you go to Primary School between the ages 6 to 11, unlike Sweden where we go to â€Å"Là ¥gstadiet† and â€Å"Mellanstadiet† when we’re 6 to 12. One year doesn’t make that big of a difference, but Secondary School (High School) resembles both â€Å"Hà ¶gstadiet† and â€Å"Gymnasiet† together. So from what I understand, you can’t choose a specific program like in Sweden, but you can choose some classes you want to take (other than the mandatory ones) in High School. When you graduate from Secondary School you can apply for a University, just like in Sweden. As you can tell there are a lot of similarities to  Australian and Swedish schools, but I found out that there are many differences as well. School uniforms for example, we don’t have any rules about dress code in Sweden, but over here it’s a part of life, at least for the students who attend High School. Almost every school has a special uniform that every student has to wear, even I have to wear one when I go to school. Even in gym class we wear matching shorts and shirts. I think those outfits are better because they’re unisex, and the rest of the day the girls wear skirts while the boys wear pants. I’m not very comfortable in skirts and dresses so I think that if you want to wear pants you should be able to! It’s kind of nice not having to choose an outfit every morning, you only have one thing to wear and everybody else wears it too. There’s not any pressure about having the latest fashion or not changing it up every day. The only thing you have to worry about is bad hair-days! I have to admit that I wish we had to wear these in Sweden as well†¦ Not only are they a gift from heaven for the morning-tired person, they make you feel a bit more fancy and formal too. Don’t get me wrong, it’s not that comfortable being formal all the time and I’d probably get sick of wearing it every day, but I like the idea a lot at the moment. I never think it would work, introducing this to Sweden though. Everyone would lose their right to express themselves through their clothes. If we would have to wear school uniforms, I strongly vote for pants for the girls! Most students bring their own lunch to school. There is a cafeteria, but you have to pay for everything there. That is something I miss about Sweden, even though it’s not great food all of the time it’s still really convenient. I’m having a hard time remembering to bring my lunch every day†¦ That makes me really angry with myself because both of my host parents make really good food, especially sandwiches. I promise you, they’re amazing! Public schools here are free and run by the government of state or territory they’re in, just like in Sweden. Parents are asked pay a voluntary contribution fee and they can also contribute to camping trips and extracurricular activities, but it’s all voluntary. Something that also differs from Sweden is the fact that they have 4 semesters. The school year starts in early February and ends in December. They have short holidays between every semester and their summer holiday is in December and January, during Christmas! I know it’s really strange, but that’s when the Australian summer is! I had no idea that the seasons were so  off over here, but I think it’s really amazing how the world works. Apparently all countries south of the equator have their summer during our winter, and their winter during our summer! A few weeks ago I got to be a part of the Australians celebration of ANZAC Day. ANZAC stands for the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. This day is special to Australians because of what happened on this date 1915. The First World War had just started and Australia wanted to create a reputation for themselves to the rest of the world, since they’d only been a nation for 13 years. They joined forces with New Zealand and set out to take control over the Dardanelles (a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey) so that their allies could travel through. When ANZAC landed on Gallipoli in Turkey they were met by Turkish defending forces. A lot of Australian soldiers lost their lives and today the Australians take this day to remember not only them and their bravery, but every soldier who has died in any war or military operation Australia’s been a part of. Each year the remembrance begins with memorial services in big cities all over the country, they’re known as the â€Å"Dawn Services†. Later in the day there are parades where ex-militaries march along. Aussies also celebrate this day off from work and school with drinking and games! They also have the Australia Day, their National Day. I’m not going to be here for that because it’s celebrated on January 26th, but I really wish I were! They celebrate everything that’s good about the country and being Australian, it sounds like a lot of fun! My host family tells me that you can see the Australian flag hanging from windows of cars and houses and that the whole neighborhood smells like barbeque. There are usually fireworks and music as well! It’s more upbeat than the ANZAC Day. We don’t have anything like this in Sweden, which I think is a bit sad. What I mean is, we don’t really have a day where we remember something or celebrate just being Swedish. I feel like we don’t have that kind of love for our country that the Australians do. At least I know I don’t. I only enjoy our National Day because I don’t have to go to school. I honestly don’t even know why we celebrate it, and if I asked my friends I’m sure they would say the same thing. It would be nice to feel that unity and pride that the Australians have. We’ve been in wars, I’m not sure how many or what kind, but we don’t take pride in them. We don’t have any war heroes we remember. During World War 1, Sweden was neutral. We didn’t officially pick a side; we did  everything we could to not get attacked by anyone. We let Germany use our railways to transport iron-stone, which kept us from getting involved in the war (even though that made us a part of Germany’s success). I think we’re right not to take any pride in that†¦ Something that also would be fun to experience here â€Å"Down Under† is Christmas. Since their summer is during December the climate is at its warmest during Christmas. My friends told me that even though it’s sunny and warm everyone still decorates with snowmen and Christmas lights! Most families have a Christmas tree too. Here in Brisbane they apparently have a competition every year for who has the best Christmas lights. I would love to see all of the extremely decorated houses! We should do something like that at home, we should engage more! In some ways our counties spend Christmas alike, but some prospects are still very different. In Sweden, we open presents, eat delicious food and get a visit from Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. In Australia they only make the last preparations on Christmas Eve, because it’s all about Christmas Day. Children hope to find presents in stockings or under the tree when they wake up, families go to see their relatives and everyone (most people anyway) spend the evening with their loved ones. Some families eat dinner that’s similar to Europe’s Christmas food, but most Australians barbeque or have a picnic on the beach or in the park. On the beach you can see surfing Santa Clauses too. It sounds really laid back and comfortable, so I would love to be able to experience it (even though it’s no real Christmas without snow!). It’s hard to think of Swedish traditions when you don’t usually acknowledge them, but most traditions come with the holidays. Almost all of our holidays have religious significance, like Easter and Christmas for example, but these holidays are not really about what they originally mark in history (if you’re Christian). Easter is more about dressing up as a witch and knocking on doors collecting candy, than remembering Jesus’s crucifixion. Christmas is all about Donald Duck and opening presents, we don’t celebrate Jesus being born. This is the case in Australia too, except for the witches and Donald Duck. In Australia they celebrate Easter by organizing Easter egg hunts (mostly for the purpose of making the children happy), and you’ve probably heard of the ‘Easter Bunny’? Well, over here they’ve exchanged it for an ‘Easter Bibly’. A bibly is a small rodent, who’s an endangered species and they’re hoping this kind of advertisement is going to help save  it. Besides, rabbits are considered pests in Australia as they destroy crops and other things. As you can tell there are a lot of both similarities and differences between Sweden and Australia, but they are both great counties! Unfortunately I only have a month left of my studies, but I am thinking about living here for a year or so when I graduate. I have fallen in love with this land†¦ Enough about me, how have you been? Is everything as usual back home? Hope to see you soon, Sources of information: Aussie slang: http://stricktlydating.hubpages.com/hub/Common-Aussie-Slang-Words 2013-04-14 http://www.koalanet.com.au/australian-slang.html 2013-04-14 About school: http://www.workingin-australia.com/education/system/overview#.UWr117XIagc 2013-04-14 http://www.studyinaustralia.gov.au/en/Courses/Schools/Australian-School-System/Australian-school-system 2013-04-14 http://www.studiesinaustralia.com/types-of-education/secondary-education 2013-04-16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_uniform#Australia 2013-04-16 http://brisbaneshs.eq.edu.au/sites/default/files/bshs/PolicyDocuments/PandC/CanteenMenu.pdf 2013-04-17 http://www.fairhillshs.vic.edu.au/app/webroot/uploaded_files/media/uniform_information_2013.pdf 2013-04-17 http://australianschool1.hubpages.com/hub/Australian-School-Uniform2013-04-16 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090821161522AAUv95m 2013-04-16 http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-weather-and-the-seasons2013-04-16 Traditions: http://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac/anzac_tradition.asp 2013-04-21 http://www.realaustraliatravel.com/australian-traditions.html 2013-04-21 http://www.realaustraliatravel.com/Christmas-in-Australia.html 2013-04-21 http://www.realaustraliatravel.com/christmas-lights-brisbane.html 2013-04-22 http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/australia/christmas-day 2013-04-22 A letter from an exchange student in Australia. (2016, Apr 29).

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature review - Essay Example of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) in 2006 reported that nursing colleges and universities turned away more than 32,000 qualified applicants due to a shortage of nurse educators† (Ciraola, 2008). Shortage of experienced nurses directly affects the quality of service at the healthcare organizations for the worse. â€Å"More and more nurses are approaching retirement age. We are losing a very large cohort of our most experienced nurses† (Link cited in Ciraola, 2008). Despite the fact that many students opt for nursing in the present age, it is not helping much as the population is growing at a much faster pace to belittle the effect produced by increased nursing students. Risks created by the shortage of nurses for healthcare organizations include problems of retention and recruitment of nurses, decline in the quality of service, and work-overload on individual nurses. Cultural diversity has necessitated the acquisition of new types of skills by the nursing leaders in the US that include but are not limited to knowledge of and competence in speaking multiple languages, knowledge of the norms and values of different cultures, and training and education of the nurses to customize their skills and talents to the needs of the American healthcare

Japanese Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japanese Literature - Essay Example The four main principles of Keene help us in understanding the aesthetic appeal of Japanese literature more vividly. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that is related with the appreciation of things as they affect our physical senses and especially affecting in a pleasurable way. According to the first principle of Keene, which is suggestion, the Japanese artists and writers wanted to suggest things rather than expressing it completely. The writers never expressed a climax like in Western writing but gave an appealing beginning and end tot heir work without giving a proper reasoning. For example, the literary works about love does not describe much about the meeting of a man and women but explains about the yearning and longing in the minds of lover to meet each other. In the times of Kenko, the Japanese literature applied the principles of suggestion to great length .They tried to be imaginative and expressed the beauty of nature with single strokes of paining rather than filling up the canvas with colors. A second important characteristic of Japanese aesthetics is the element of irregularity .By this it means that, one cannot find uniformity in the artistic work of Japanese works. Japanese writers and artists believed that, uniformity spoiled the uniqueness of the work and also created disinterest in the person who is enjoying the writings or artistic work. The principle of irregularity implies that making a work irregular gives much space for the reader‘s to enhance their imaginative power .The incompleteness element of the literary works prompted the readers to long for completeness and for this they use their creative and imaginative power to a great extend. â€Å"The Japanese have been partial not only to incompleteness but to another variety of irregularity also called asymmetry. This is one respect in which they differ conspicuously from the Chinese and other peoples of Asia†(Keene,10). Simplicity is another principle of Keene which was highly reflected in the earlier works of Japanese literature. The poets and writers of ancient Japan believed in the simple beauty of nature which his subtle and serene. One of the poem which exemplifies the principle of Simplicity is the furu ike ya(the ancient Pond) kawazu tobikomu (A frog leaps in) mizu no oto (The sound of the water). Here the poet describe about the eternity of the pond as well as the sound which is created by frog as it jumps in water. This is such a simplified form of expressing the subtle beauty of nature which normal men forget to notice or perceive.Kenko is one writer who insisted on the element of simplicity and he claims that only wise men can be simple in his thoughts, expression and lifestyle. One another concept of simplicity in Japanese culture is the tea ceremony which is artistically carried out by Japanese since ages. Kenko believed that simplicity is sometimes more expensive than ornateness and is a luxury concealed in luxury. Last but not he lea st is the principle of perishability , where in the Japanese artists and writes saw the sadness evolved around the destructive aspect of nature. Persihability is that truth of life which

Assess the significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of Essay - 1

Assess the significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the standard neoclassical view of the competitive process - Essay Example Contextually, neo-classical approach advocates on the existence of perfect competition and market equilibrium. On the other hand, Austrian approach ignores the assumption claimed by the neo-classical approach and emphasizes on claiming that there exists nothing static at the marketplace as the market itself is highly dynamic (Block & et. al., 2002). Similarly, Post-Keynesian approach also firmly rejects the assumption of neo-classical approach and further states that market is about uncertainty and firms at the market place are totally unaware of their future (Lee, 1986). Based on these understandings, the paper intends to identify and assess the various implications of these three approaches in a more elaborated form. Furthermore, the paper also attempts to compare and critique the neo-classical approach in the light of Austrian and Keynesian thoughts of economics. Neo-Classical view of competition is based on the assumption of perfect competition economic conditions. The assumptions of perfect competition can be illustrated as the appropriate conditions which need to be present in the market place in order to ensure the existence of situations acclaiming a perfectly competitive industrial structure (Hunt & Morgan, 1995). Neo-Classical theory advocates the existence of large numbers of sellers in a relatively small market size offering homogeneous products to a significant range of consumers. Furthermore, the theory tends to ensure that all the participants at the market place possess a perfect knowledge of the commodity offered, including price and related costs of each good/service. The theory also intends to achieve the perfect mobility of factors of productions. As a result, during the existence of such conditions, both the producers and customers are in the position to influence the price of the commodities offered at the market place. It is worth mentioning that due to the presence of large

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example According to Kahnweiler (2010),the introvert seeks solitude, thinks first before they speak, focuses on the depth of the problem and prefer writing to talking. They love to manage projects but prefer quiet spaces to do it. They dislike interruptions and they like to finish a project before moving on to a new one. It is noted by the news article that these employees communicate best through relationships and learning to engage them is important as they frequently harbor ideas that will move the team forward. The suggested tactic for dealing with this group of employees is to slow down in meetings, leaving space between directions. This allows this group to think about the issue and respond. Do not stop at their desk frequently. Be aware of what you need to say and bundle it into one visit. Use email or other writing tools to communicate and encourage balanced participation at meetings, allowing introverts to prepare ahead of time. (Kahnweiler, 2010). Sauer, Felsing, & Franke et.al. (2006), describes cognitive diversity and team performance in a diverse organization. As part of the diverse team is the introvert. We often put down the introvert because Freud did not like them and they have been criticized since. Sauer tells us that true to many other researchers, a diverse team is important and that includes the talents of the introvert. Introverts, according to Belleck, (2003) are energized by the internal world of ideas, impressions and emotion. They like to know a lot about what they experience and often build up large stores of knowledge that is often not tapped. This article supports the news article in the need of the introvert to manage projects and to finish a project before they move to a next one, assuring that it is complete. Belleck (2003) finishes her article by stating that a diverse team should include introverts as they are a stabilizing and knowledgeable base for the team as a whole. She goes on to say that provid ing for their communication style

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Alaska has an established Alaska Permanent Fund (APF)  that requires the government to invest at least a quarter of the revenue it earns from oil on behalf of its citizens. From these investments the APF has diversified mutual fund that has accumulated into a huge resource base in form of asset to the tune of about $28 billion dollar according to a report released in 2004 (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). Each year the government injects some amount from the oil revenue while they pay a dividend to the citizens annually through the Permanent Fund Divided scheme. For instance, in 2014 the government paid its citizens a total of $1,884 for each qualified Alaskan. The funds are managed through Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Alaska, oil revenue contributes about 92 percent of the total government revenue as of the year 2011. Half of the corporate shares are in the ownership of private and public pension and retirement schemes while individuals own 20% while 27% is owned by asset management companies and financial institutions (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). The board members and corporate executives own the remaining 3%. This has an implication that when the oil sector is performing well the benefits trickles down to the citizens equitably either through returns from mutual fund investments, pensions, etc. (Dyer & Al-Ghwell, 2012). Therefore, oil earnings benefit the citizens in many way including dividends, better economic growth from states and federal revenues, capital projects, and employment opportunities.

Assess the significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of Essay - 1

Assess the significance of Austrian and Post-Keynesian criticisms of the standard neoclassical view of the competitive process - Essay Example Contextually, neo-classical approach advocates on the existence of perfect competition and market equilibrium. On the other hand, Austrian approach ignores the assumption claimed by the neo-classical approach and emphasizes on claiming that there exists nothing static at the marketplace as the market itself is highly dynamic (Block & et. al., 2002). Similarly, Post-Keynesian approach also firmly rejects the assumption of neo-classical approach and further states that market is about uncertainty and firms at the market place are totally unaware of their future (Lee, 1986). Based on these understandings, the paper intends to identify and assess the various implications of these three approaches in a more elaborated form. Furthermore, the paper also attempts to compare and critique the neo-classical approach in the light of Austrian and Keynesian thoughts of economics. Neo-Classical view of competition is based on the assumption of perfect competition economic conditions. The assumptions of perfect competition can be illustrated as the appropriate conditions which need to be present in the market place in order to ensure the existence of situations acclaiming a perfectly competitive industrial structure (Hunt & Morgan, 1995). Neo-Classical theory advocates the existence of large numbers of sellers in a relatively small market size offering homogeneous products to a significant range of consumers. Furthermore, the theory tends to ensure that all the participants at the market place possess a perfect knowledge of the commodity offered, including price and related costs of each good/service. The theory also intends to achieve the perfect mobility of factors of productions. As a result, during the existence of such conditions, both the producers and customers are in the position to influence the price of the commodities offered at the market place. It is worth mentioning that due to the presence of large

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Strategy of Alaska in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper Example Alaska has an established Alaska Permanent Fund (APF)  that requires the government to invest at least a quarter of the revenue it earns from oil on behalf of its citizens. From these investments the APF has diversified mutual fund that has accumulated into a huge resource base in form of asset to the tune of about $28 billion dollar according to a report released in 2004 (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). Each year the government injects some amount from the oil revenue while they pay a dividend to the citizens annually through the Permanent Fund Divided scheme. For instance, in 2014 the government paid its citizens a total of $1,884 for each qualified Alaskan. The funds are managed through Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Alaska, oil revenue contributes about 92 percent of the total government revenue as of the year 2011. Half of the corporate shares are in the ownership of private and public pension and retirement schemes while individuals own 20% while 27% is owned by asset management companies and financial institutions (Alaska Oil and Gas Association, 2015). The board members and corporate executives own the remaining 3%. This has an implication that when the oil sector is performing well the benefits trickles down to the citizens equitably either through returns from mutual fund investments, pensions, etc. (Dyer & Al-Ghwell, 2012). Therefore, oil earnings benefit the citizens in many way including dividends, better economic growth from states and federal revenues, capital projects, and employment opportunities.

Preludes by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton Essay Example for Free

Preludes by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton Essay Reading both poems for the first time, there seemed to be no distinct or even vague similarities between the two poems, Preludes, by T.S Elliot and Vitae Lampada by Sir Henry Newton. However, after reading each thoroughly a few more times and carefully evaluating them, several key similarities and as always, differences, began to reveal themselves. Both Preludes as well as Vitae Lampada begines with a time introductory statement. Theres a breathless hush in the close tonight. From Vitae Lampada, and The winter evening settles down from Preludes. Both these sentences inform us of the time, a sort of evening, just after dark. The very next sentences from each poem are also similar. Ten to make and a match to win and With smells of steaks in passageways. These sentences are written by the poets to set a scene, as one would set a scene in a drama play, but in poetry, with words. These two sentences give us a strong visual image of what the rest of the poem is about. Ten to make and a match to win is similar to that of a game of cricket, and as in cricket, it gives a certain tension of the stakes, to win the match. Preludes With smells of steaks in passageways gives us a vision of a lonely passageway, with smells of steaks suggests that the person the author is describing could possibly be an outcast of society, wondering around the streets in evening. Vitae Lampada goes further into describing itself. And Its not for the sake of a ribboned coat, or the selfish hope of a seasons fame. -immediately tells us that what they are encountering in their match, what they need to win, is not a one man team, but rather the whole team working as one. Not for personal glory but for much higher stakes, for the entire team. Preludes now introduces a picture of a low, dirty place. The grimy scraps, of withered leaves about your feet. A grimy place, a dirty place, somewhere that is not well maintained, with stray withered leaves across the floor. The next few lines The showers beat on broken blinds and chimney pots. Once again an image of a badly maintained place, with rain beating on broken pots that are left behind. On the whole, a negative image. Vitae Lampada, is also setting in a negative image, an image of lost hope and despair. The sand of the desert is sodden red -Red with the wreck of a square that broke; A square, in this case is referring to a formation of troops. Sir Henry Newbolt is comparing the aspect of war, with a game of cricket and this extended metaphor has worked exceedingly well in managing to contrast and yet bring the two closer together. Sodden red suggests that a great many soldiers have died and their blood spilled across the battlefield. The next two lines, add deeper to the feeling of despair. The gatlings jammed and the colonel dead, And the regiment blind with dust and smoke The soldiers that Sir Henry Newbolt is referring to here is not in a bright situation, with their guns jammed, and their leader (colonel) dead, and the entire regiment of them blind in the dust and smoke, it is indeed apparent that a deep feeling of desolation is introduced. And, as in Preludes, a negative image is painted. Revolving around time appears to be the main theme in Preludes. The start of the second stanza the morning comes to consciousness, lets us know that the morning has come, after the evening in the first stanza. And time is also in the fourth stanza the conscience of a blackened street. could possibly mean after dark. And a few lines before, four and five and six oclock suggests that time is moving quickly. The final stanza of Vitae Lampada uses a few strong words possibly to reinforce its meaning. Every one of her sons must hear, and none that hears it dare forget. Her sons, this of course, means the countrys people and the strong word must hear, hear the patriotism perhaps? And dare forget. dare is a strong word, a threat even. Threatening them to remember their loyalty, and to never forget it. Vitae Lampadas last few lines, bring a sudden contrast, compared to the rest of the poem. The second stanza is an image of despair, but here, the final touch to the sense of patriotism is added. Bear through life like a torch in flame, and falling fling to the host behind. This sentence carries a great deal of meaning to the main theme of the poem. Bear through life like a torch in flame suggests that these troops, instead of hopelessness, now carry a symbol, a beacon of light. The torch, could be as a baton is passed on in a game of relay. As falling fling to the host behind. When a soldier falls in battle, his effort is not lost, not wasted, but instead, passed on to those behind, as they march forward, with the flaming torch. These two poems have indeed, very different ideas and themes, but they both have several things in common. For a start, both Preludes and Vitae Lampada use time description to allow the reader a window in which to see the rest of the poem. Both are describing, metaphorically, aspects of life. And they both, to an extent, use negative images to describe, to paint their visual images to the reader.

Chemical Formula of Zinc Oxide

Chemical Formula of Zinc Oxide Purpose The purpose of this lab experiment is to identify the simplest chemical formula of zinc chloride. Observations In this laboratory exercise you measured the mass of an evaporating dish, zinc and zinc chloride in the evaporating dish.   Make a table that shows the masses you measured in the lab.   The table must include a table number and title.   The title should reflect what is in the table. Table-1 Masses collected for Zinc chloride and Evaporating dish Item Weighed Mass (+/-o.o1g) Empty evaporating dish (M1) 51.97g Granular Zinc 0.50g Granular Zinc + Evaporating dish 52.47g Table-2 Masses obtained for Zinc chloride and Evaporating dish Item Weighed Mass(+/-0) Evaporating dish + Zinc chloride (M2) 53.01g Zinc chloride (M2-M1) 1.13g Evaporating dish + Zinc chloride (at end) 52.90g Calculations Calculate the mass of zinc and chlorine. Answer- Mass of zinc = 0.50g   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mass of chlorine = 1.1-0.50   Ã‚  Ã‚   =0.6g Based on the masses obtained for zinc and chlorine calculate the simplest formula for zinc chloride. Answer- Simplest formula for Zinc chloride Mass of zinc= 0.50g Moles of zinc Mass of chlorine=0.6g Moles of chlorine Thus, the ratio ==0.44705882 Write the balanced chemical equation for the formation of zinc chloride from zinc and hydrochloric acid? Answer-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   /1 Using the true chemical formula for zinc chloride, calculate the mass% of Zn and Cl in zinc chloride? Answer-molar mass of Zinc + molar mass of chlorine=65.39+35.45   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =100.34g Mass percent of zinc in zinc chloride   =   Ã‚  Ã‚   =64.85% Mass percent of chlorine in zinc chloride= =35.15% Calculate the % relative error between your experimental ratio (moles of Cl/moles of Zn) and the true ratio for zinc chloride. Questions In paragraph formatanswer the following questions: 1. Consider the steps in the procedure used for the formation of zinc chloride.   Zinc was first reacted with hydrochloric acid, then zinc chloride was isolated using a steam bath and lastly it was weighed.   What errors could have occurred during the experiment that would cause your simplest formula to be incorrect?   Include at least 2 errors.   In your answer include how the error affected the simplest formula calculation. 2. Which error would cause the largest effect on your result? 3. How could the errors described in question 1 be reduced or eliminated? Answer- 1. During performing the experiments in laboratory, chances of error are probable to occur. Some errors can happen accidently, by human error by observing the due to environmental factors, instrumental disorders. The error that occurred during the lab experiment is that the compound could be over burned causing the compound to dissolve into the air. Weight of the compound should be taken right away otherwise it will be evaporated into the air and there will be change in mass or may be in the whole result of the experiment. Calculations may vary. 2. According to my perception, the error which would cause the maximum effect on the result is human error because if by mistake compound gets over burned or without concentrating during the experiment compound gets over heated it will evaporate in air and we will be left with less amount of compound. 3. We can reduce the error, if the weight of compound is done quickly after heating.   Evaporating dish should be immediately taken off from hot plate to reduce overheating of the compound or loss of compound by evaporation in air. Conclusion(s)- In conclusion the simplest formula is determined by performing this experiment. We get to know about the possible error that may occur while conducting the experiment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   /3 Reference(s) 1. CHEM16682 Applied chemistry1 -1171-6859, Laboratory manual experiment no-5 posted on slate/Sheridan College, Brampton, Ontario (accessed on 14.feb.2017). Teacher Evaluation of the overall organization of lab report and laboratory performance (Students leave this part blank) Overall organization of lab report: formatting of chemical and mathematical equations; clarity of answers; spelling and grammar; attention to details; completed cover sheet; use of headers and footers etc. Laboratory performance:   punctuality; time management; team work; attention to safety; use of personal protection equipment; use of appropriate lab techniques; prepared to conduct lab, lab data book prepared in advance of the lab; cleanup of lab work area.

Diagnosis Case Study Essay -- Health Care

Identify possible nursing diagnoses that Karen may have and provide a rationale for your choice: A nursing diagnosis that would be attributed to the patient, Karen in the case study would be risk of deficient fluid volume. Karen’s slightly elevated pulse and respirations and additionally the assessment findings of mild oedema and blister formation show that there is a movement of body fluid into the second and third interstitial spacing. Brown and Edwards (2008) states this is caused by increased capillary permeability. Water, sodium and plasma protein move into the intestinal spacing and surrounding tissue. Furthermore Karen states that she has a headache, feels nauseas and chilled after being over exposed to the sun. Karen has a temperature of 38.5 and an abundant of redness to her body surface after prolonged exposure. Over exposure to ultra violet rays can cause thermal burns which leads to increased fluid loss via evaporation from the injured skin. Assessing the fluid loss, perfusion and oxygenation status, and evaluating the need for fluid and electrolyte replacem ent that is lost, through fluid and protein shifts can aid in the restoration of intravascular volume. Another expected nursing diagnosis is acute pain. The sudden onset of pain is a result of the nociceptive tissue damage and the nursing treatment required for the injury tissue. Careful assessment of the wound and surrounding tissue can help determine the level of injury sustained. The pain is variable and cannot be reliably predicted by clinical assessment of the patient. ‘Burn patients experience two kinds of pain continuous background pain, which occurs during the course of the day and night. Secondly, a treatment induced pain which is related to ambulation,... ...dical- surgical nursing, Assessment and management of clinical problems, 2nd edn, Elsevier Australia, Chatswood. Funnell, R, Koutoukidis, G & Lawrence, K (2009) Tabbner’s nursing care, 5th edn, Elsevier, Chatswood. Greenfield, E (2010) The pivotal role of nursing personnel in burn care, Indian Journal of plastic surgery Vol. 43, No. 3, pp.94-100, Viewed online 17th March 2010. http://www.ijps.org/article.asp?issn=09700358;year=2010;volume=43;issue=3;spage=94;epage=100;aulast=Greenfield. Patterson, R, Hoflund, H, Espey, K & Sharar, S(n.d.)Pain management, Pain Control - The International society for burn injuries, Viewed online 17th March 2012 http://www.worldburn.org/documents/painmanage.pdf. Sholtis-Bunner, L, Smeltzer, S, Bare, B Hinkle, J, Cheever, K 2009, Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, 12thedn, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,

Marriage in 18th Century Europe Essays -- European History

Marriage in 18th Century Europe The major movement regarding marriage in the eighteenth century was from church to state. Marital laws and customs, once administered and governed by the church, increasingly came to be controlled by legislators who passed many laws restricting the circumstances and legality of marriages. These restrictions tended to represent the interests of the wealthy and uphold patriarchal tradition. Backlash to these restrictions produced a number of undesirable practices, including promiscuity, wife-sale, and divorce. Before the eighteenth century, marriage was far less complicated. Verbal consent and consumation constituted legal marriage: "once the knot was tied by such verbal exchanges it could not be undone: a valid marriage was technically indissoluble. Such vows could be made, moreover, by boys the age of fourteen and girls of twelve" (Outhwaite xiii). The laws that began to be passed in the 1700's were decidedly un-religious, designed mostly to protect patriarchy and wealth. Much of the marriage laws passed during this period reflect the prevailing opinion of women as childlike, frivolous, and simpleminded. As Rousseau put it, "little girls always dislike learning to read and write, but they are always ready to learn to sew." Custom made man "undisputed lord of the home" (Murstein 220) and laws were passed to solidify this position: "Upon marriage, husband and wife became one- and that one was the man. Her land became his, as did her debts." The structure of eighteenth century society made this necessary, especially for the lower classes; a family's income would be totally based on the earning power of the man. Thus, logic dictated that he control all the finances. Even so, some of the l... ...who could not afford several licences, and a big wedding or dowry. "Fleet marriages" were very common in the first half of the eighteenth century. These were marriages performed by "defrocked and disreputable" ministers for cash, often through the bars of a debtors prison on Fleet street. One such minister was so successful that "in the same one-year period that he performed 6000 marriages, only fifty regular contracts were solemnized in the neighboring St. Annes's church. Although this practice was banned by the Marriage Act of 1753, it just goes to show that marriage and love cannot be regulated by monetary concerns. Works Cited Murstein, Bernard I. Love, Sex, and Marriage Through the Ages. ???? Outhwaite, R.B. Clandestine Marriage in England 1560-1850. Hambledon Press, NY: 1995. Stone, Lawrence. Road to Divorce Oxford University Press, Oxford: l990.

Knowledge is Everlasting Essay Essay

One may ask, â€Å"What is knowledge?† I understand Knowledge to be the intellectual ability of being able to understand the events in the world based on principles learn from one’s experiences. Once Knowledge is truly gained, can it be lost? I believe that if one is truly knowledgeable about something it is rather impossible that such knowledge can merely vaporize into thin air. Many people claim that they have indeed â€Å"lost knowledge†but sadly all they lost was information they memorized. Conversely, knowledge involves the careful observation of events, reasoning as to how and why these observations occur, and also learning through experiencing. Furthermore, I have come to recognize the eternal quality of knowledge based on biological facts, and also during my own daily experiences. From a biological point of view, the permanency of knowledge has been proven to be true, through the realization of the brain’s vast characteristics such as memory cells. When an individual learns something for the first time, this information gets stored by memory cells in the brain. Then the next time the individual is encountered with a situation involving or requiring such knowledge, for its interpretation, the brain accesses the stored datafrom the memory cells. This data it had gained from prior experiences. For example, the scenario of the first time one peels an orange. Individuals were not created with the instructions of how to peel an orange imprinted in their DNA. Rather, it must be learned from experience. Therefore,the first step in peeling an orange is gathering information from a source about the necessary method of success.After which, one acquires the apparatus (the knife and orange) and sinks the blade into the peel slightly, so the blade goes just beneath the surface. Then gently glides the blade through the peel to reveal the white layer underneath. After removing all the peel, the orange is sliced into two halves revealing the pulp. Of course, on the first try one might make mistakes and not peel the orange so perfectly. However, upon each ot her trial of peeling an orange one’s technique become more  mastered.Soon,a point is reached where it is possible to peel an orange without thinking how to do it. Clearly, knowledge is always permanently stored in the brain’s memory cells for future use. Additionally, knowledge also becomes magnified each time it is applied and verified in different situations. Often time, true knowledge gets confused with its close relative, memorizing. The fact stands that memorizing and being knowledgeable about something are two completely different concepts. Speaking from my own experiences, studying for an exam is a typical example where memorizing and obtaining knowledge interact closely and may become intertwined. For instance, during the course of studying for an exam there are some definitions of theories that I merely memorized. The result was that I forgot them after the exam since all I did was replicate the definitions on the exam paper. Still, there were some cases in which I had gained knowledge of things I still remember. This was because, I read about the concepts in greater detail beyond their definition and actually understood the concepts and applied them to real life situations. The misperception of memorizations for knowledge is very common among people and so they tend to misinterpret the principle of knowledgeable, thereby failing to see the permanent nature of knowledge relative to the temporary and limited character of memorizing. I believe rather than dying, knowledge grows with experience and constantly metamorphosis into an even higher level of knowledge. It is intensely evident that knowledge is perpetual. Moreover, knowledge is limitless as it goes beyond mere memorizing of data and events, towards developing an understanding of the observations made during life’s experiences. My belief is reflected in the common rhyme I was taught in school, â€Å"silver and gold may vanish away, but a good education will never decay†. Thus, the lifetime of knowledge is so vast and unlimited that it is given higher value above even the most precious minerals on Earth, such as silver and gold.Wouldn’t you agree that the truly most valuable trea sure known to mankind is knowledge? Works Cited Quindel, Emilie. â€Å"our local history.† 02 December 2012. WordPress. 10 September 2013 .

Egypt, the Troubled Giant

Egypt, The Troubled Giant Name__________________ Note: This textbook case was prepared â€Å"prior† to the Egyptian revolution that occurred early in 2011. The questions should be answered based on the situation at the period of time considered in the question. QUESTION 1: How would you describe the economic policy that Egypt implemented during 2004-2008? The new economic policy was one that promoted trade and put less regulation on Egyptian businesses. 1a. Do you think this policy helped to boost Egypt’s growth rate? Why or why not? I absolutely believe this policy helped boost their growth rate.Virtually all of the statistics used to measure an economy showed that they were growing rapidly during this period. It is only reasonable to assume their policy, which promoted trade and increased domestic business opportunities would have had a large hand in this. QUESTION 2: How vulnerable was the Egyptian economy to a slowdown in global economic activity such as that which occurred in 2009? They were very vulnerable to economic slowdown due to the fact that much of the revenue that promoted their growth was coming from foreign outlets such as investments, tourism, and Egyptian expatriate workers.If these foreign countries experienced a slowdown in economic activity it would, and did, have a great affect on the Egyptian economy. 2a. What would the countries objectives be to reduce this vulnerability? To reduce this vulnerability, I believe they should focus on having strong domestic areas that don’t have as much dependence on foreign companies. QUESTION 3: What were some of the risks in Egypt’s current political system may of led to the revolution of 2011? The main risk in Egypt’s political system is that it went against the norms of most industrialized countries.As people gain standing financially, they begin to expect better treatment and expect their voices to be heard more. 3a. What is the best case scenario going forward, what is the worst case scenario? The best case scenario is that they evolve into a more democratic country and give their citizen more rights. Worst case, they once again fall to an autocratic leader and rescind their economic policy changes. QUESTION 4: Post revolution; is Egypt an attractive market for international business?I think Egypt is now a very attractive market for international business. Egyptians must feel more empowered than they have in a long time, this attitude will be perfect for expanding their economy and reaching new areas of business that they couldn’t before. 4a. What advice would you give to a multinational enterprise considering investment in Egypt? I would advise a multinational enterprise to invest in companies’ area that promoted growth in the Egyptian economy to help them emerge as a strong member of the global economy.

Army Soap Note

A: (assessment) – Your interpretation of the patients condition. P: (plan) – Includes the following: 1. Medical treatment: includes use of meds, use of bandages, etc. 2. Additional diagnostics: which if any test which still might be needed. X-ray MRI ect.. 3. Special instructions, handouts, use of medications, side effects, etc. 4. Return to clinic: when and under what circumstances to return. Components of the SOAP note. . Medical History – Which gives you an idea of the patients problem before you start the physical exam of the patient. a. Patient data b. chief complaint 1. This is the reason for the patients visit. 2. Use direct quotes from patient. 3. Avoid using medical terms. c. Observations begin as soon as the patient walks through the door. d. Open ended questions will help you to get more complete and accurate information. e. Provider obstacles which are your attitude towards the individual or pre diagnosis of sick call ranger may prevent you from makin g an accurate judgment. . History of present illness/injury (HPI) f. Duration: when the illness/injury started. g. Type of pain: use the patients words to describe the type of pain. h. Location: have the patient explain, then have them point it out. i. : what makes it better or worse and is it constant or does it vary in intensity. j. Pain in different positions: does the pain vary with the change of the patients position. k. Medications/allergies: note any medications whether over the counter or not. Do the medications relate to the problem? Take note of the patients allergies. l. Supplements: note any supplements the patient is taking along with vitamins so you are aware of the possible interactions with the medication that may be given to the patient. m. Pertinent facts: facts which lead you to your diagnosis. Usually consist of classical signs and/or symptoms. I have found that the best way to get a person’s medical history is to using the SAMPLE and OPQRST. It’s a fast and easy way to recall the information that you need to provide to the PA or NCOIC. S: Symptoms A: Allergies M: Medicine taken P: Past history of similar events L: Last meal E: Events leading up to illness or injury O: Onset – What caused the illness or injury, or what were you doing at the time P: Provocation/Position – what brought symptoms on, where is pain located. Q: Quality – sharp, dull, crushing etc†¦ R: Radiation – does pain travel S: Severity/Symptoms Associated with or on a scale of 1 to 10, what other symptoms occur T: Timing/Triggers – occasional, constant, intermittent, only when I do this. Lastly you need to provide a name(first, last and middle initial) phone number, date of birth, FULL social security number, sex, and rank/grade. All this information is provided in order to file the note into the patients medical records. It can also be used to contact the patient regarding an appointment or information we may further need to assist the patient in his medical needs. All notes must be signed by the individual that screened the patient. There are 2 reason for this one is to insure that nothing is added to the note, this protects both yourself and the patient. It also allows the PA or NCOIC to speak with the individual that screened the patient for additional information regarding the patient or having them correct a deficiency with the note itself before being placed in the patients medical history. Signing under the last portion of the note lets people know that the note has ended however do not mark any open space out, the PA may want to add additional information which he will then stamp verifying that he was the one who in fact added the information. Spc Singleton 68W10 Army Soap Note A: (assessment) – Your interpretation of the patients condition. P: (plan) – Includes the following: 1. Medical treatment: includes use of meds, use of bandages, etc. 2. Additional diagnostics: which if any test which still might be needed. X-ray MRI ect.. 3. Special instructions, handouts, use of medications, side effects, etc. 4. Return to clinic: when and under what circumstances to return. Components of the SOAP note. . Medical History – Which gives you an idea of the patients problem before you start the physical exam of the patient. a. Patient data b. chief complaint 1. This is the reason for the patients visit. 2. Use direct quotes from patient. 3. Avoid using medical terms. c. Observations begin as soon as the patient walks through the door. d. Open ended questions will help you to get more complete and accurate information. e. Provider obstacles which are your attitude towards the individual or pre diagnosis of sick call ranger may prevent you from makin g an accurate judgment. . History of present illness/injury (HPI) f. Duration: when the illness/injury started. g. Type of pain: use the patients words to describe the type of pain. h. Location: have the patient explain, then have them point it out. i. : what makes it better or worse and is it constant or does it vary in intensity. j. Pain in different positions: does the pain vary with the change of the patients position. k. Medications/allergies: note any medications whether over the counter or not. Do the medications relate to the problem? Take note of the patients allergies. l. Supplements: note any supplements the patient is taking along with vitamins so you are aware of the possible interactions with the medication that may be given to the patient. m. Pertinent facts: facts which lead you to your diagnosis. Usually consist of classical signs and/or symptoms. I have found that the best way to get a person’s medical history is to using the SAMPLE and OPQRST. It’s a fast and easy way to recall the information that you need to provide to the PA or NCOIC. S: Symptoms A: Allergies M: Medicine taken P: Past history of similar events L: Last meal E: Events leading up to illness or injury O: Onset – What caused the illness or injury, or what were you doing at the time P: Provocation/Position – what brought symptoms on, where is pain located. Q: Quality – sharp, dull, crushing etc†¦ R: Radiation – does pain travel S: Severity/Symptoms Associated with or on a scale of 1 to 10, what other symptoms occur T: Timing/Triggers – occasional, constant, intermittent, only when I do this. Lastly you need to provide a name(first, last and middle initial) phone number, date of birth, FULL social security number, sex, and rank/grade. All this information is provided in order to file the note into the patients medical records. It can also be used to contact the patient regarding an appointment or information we may further need to assist the patient in his medical needs. All notes must be signed by the individual that screened the patient. There are 2 reason for this one is to insure that nothing is added to the note, this protects both yourself and the patient. It also allows the PA or NCOIC to speak with the individual that screened the patient for additional information regarding the patient or having them correct a deficiency with the note itself before being placed in the patients medical history. Signing under the last portion of the note lets people know that the note has ended however do not mark any open space out, the PA may want to add additional information which he will then stamp verifying that he was the one who in fact added the information. Spc Singleton 68W10